Horenso : Bukan Sekedar Pelaporan semata
by Donny Oktavian on Tuesday, June 7, 2011 at 4:55pm
Oleh : Donny Oktavian Syah
“Ada banyak permasalahan di perusahaan seringkali berujung pada bagaimana cara berkomunikasi”
Ada perbedaan yang menarik ketika saya mendengarkan Sacho (Boss), Bucho (Direktur) ketika memberikan pengarahan waktu chorei (semacam acara pengarahan di pagi hari, biasanya di hari senin) waktu saya magang dulu di Jepang dengan mendengarkan “big boss” saya ketika saya bekerja di Indonesia ketika memberikan pengarahan. Boss saya yang pertama, isi pengarahannya berisi informasi kekinian yang kaya fakta, dibarengi solusi bagaimana kita harus bisa “keluar” dari permasalahan tersebut. Tidak bertele-tele, dan terkadang diselipi motivasi “khas Jepang” yang selalu mengingatkan untuk tetap menyalakan api “ganbarimasu” (tetap semangat, pantang menyerah).
Sedangkan, pengarahan Boss saya ketika bekerja di Indonesia, pengarahan berlangsung lama, acapkali fokus pembicaraan lebih menunjuk “segudang prestasi beliau” di masa lalu ketika masih menjadi staf yang terkadang tidak bisa diimplementasikan dalam kondisi kekinian karena atmosfer bisnis-nya sudah berbeda jauh. Ada kecenderungan “keakuan” lebih ditonjolkan dan atmosfer ceremonial lebih pekat ketimbang khotbah pagi yang dapat menyelesaikan masalah yang kita hadapi dalam perusahaan sebagai unsur penyemangat di awal hari Senin pagi memulai bekerja.
Barangkali kasus yang saya alami sangatlah kasuistik, tapi saya tidak bermaksud untuk tendisius untuk menyalahkan Boss saya yang di Indonesia. Tetapi saya ingin menggarisbawahi bahwa pendekatan komunikasi yang dibentangkan oleh Boss saya di Jepang pendekatan yang dilakukan lebih efektif dan tidak bertele-tele. Boss Jepang memang telah menerapkan sebuah pendekatan dalam manajemen Jepang yang dikenal dengan nama Horenso. Sebuah pendekatan barangkali tidak asing lagi untuk kawan-kawan yang pernah bekerja di perusahaan Jepang. Hampir semua perusahaan Jepang sepertinya sudah menerapkan hal itu.
Horenso adalah akronim dari tiga kata dalam bahasa Jepang , yakni Houkoku, Renraku dan Soudan. Dalam bahasa Indonesia Houkoku berarti Laporan, sedangkan Renraku berarti Menginformasikan, dan Soudan berarti mengkonsultasikan (terutama dengan pimpinan). Horenso sudah biasa diterapkan di lingkungan industri dan pabrik-pabrik Jepang. Tujuannya jelas untuk menciptakan lingkungan kerja dengan cepat dan benar. Setiap progress dalam suatu aktivitas diketahui banyak orang karena laporan yang intens. Sehingga setiap masalah segera tertangani karena laporan yang intens tersebut.
Houkoku dalam prakteknya adalah pelaporan yang menitikberatkan pada fakta, metode dan tujuan. Dari Fakta tersebut diderivasikan akan dilanjutkan kenapa harus dilakukan sampai akhirnya metode apa yang harus dilakukan untuk mencapai hal tersebut. Fakta mengacu pada aspek 5W (What, Who, When, Where, Why) plus 2H (How dan How many/much). Dengan laporan terperinci seperti ini, di titik mana improvement yang memungkinkan terbaca. Gaya manajemen Jepang yang mementingkan progress ketimbang result (hasil akhir) menjadikan kebiasaan ini lebih mudah diterapkan. Pengalaman saya bekerja di perusahaan Jepang menunjukkan, Boss lebih senang dilapori hal seremeh dan sekecil apapun, karena mereka akan merasa dilibatkan. Dan hal lebih penting, sang Boss merasa komunikasi dengan bawahannya tertata dengan baik dengan adanya laporan kecil itu.
Renraku dalam prakteknya merupakan komunikasi yang baik dengan rekan sejawat dengan baik perihal pekerjaan yang ditangani. Teman sejawat disini tidak terbatas pada departemen kita sendiri tetapi juga dengan departemen lain yang barangkali tidak berhubungan langsung. Tujuannya jelas, dengan hal itu akan timbul ide (insight) untuk suatu hasil pekerjaan yang lebih “kaya” dari belbagai sisi. Di Jepang karena beban pekerjaan yang demikian padat dan waktu yang terbatas, terkadang kebiasaan minum dan makan bersama setelah pulang kantor merupakan salah satu ajang untuk memoles sharing informasi. Tidak jarang pulang kerja terkadang molor untuk itu. Itulah harga yang dibayar untuk mendapatkan kualitas informasi di Jepang.
Terakhir, tentang Soudan, yakni melaporkan dan mengkonsultasikan segala sesuatu kepada Boss (atasan langsung) . Terkadang yang belum terbiasa dengan hal ini, karena akan kerepotan memberikan laporan sekecil apapun. Tetapi dari laporan progress kecil ini namun detail, diharapkan para bawahan diharapkan lahir ide lebih progresif yang nantinya dikonsultasikan dengan Boss. Jadi proses dalam soudan ini “mengajak” bawahan untuk sekedar melakukan ide dari Boss. Tetapi juga punya inisiatif sendiri, yang tentunya dikonsultasikan dulu kepada Boss sebelum diimplementasiakan. Jadi di proses ini kadangkala, Boss tidak memberikan solusi langsung tapi bawahan diminta kreatif mencipta ide baru berdasar laporan progress yang dibuat, bukan membebek ide Boss.
Teman trainer saya Oku “Bejo” Nobuyuki, seorang trainer berkebangsaan Jepang yang biasa mengisi pelatihan bertema Horenso di banyak perusahaan mengingatkan saya kalau dalam penerapan Horenso, tidak sekedar dimaknai lagi sebagai suatu “kewajiban” bawahan untuk melaporkan ke atasan semata. Tetapi juga ada juga menekankan peran Boss (atasan) untuk meningkatkan motivasi kerja bawahannya melalui transparansi informasi seperti yang saya ungkap di awal tulisan. Pria yang aktif dalam Shin Horenso (Genuine Horenso) menambahkan kalau hal ini bisa terwujud, sumbat dan lambatnya alur informasi yang biasanya membuat perusahaan terjebak kemandegan akan tereliminasi.
Bagaimana aliran informasi di perusahaan Anda?
Selasa, 21 Juni 2011
Minggu, 19 Juni 2011
10 Rahasia Sukses dan Kaya Raya Warren Buffet
10 Rahasia Sukses dan Kaya Raya Warren Buffet :
1. Reinvest Your Profits: When you first make money, you may be tempted to spend it. Don’t. Instead, reinvest the profits. Warren Buffett learned this early on. In high school, he and a pal bought a pinball machine to pun in a barbershop. With the money they earned, they bought more machines until they had eight in different shops. When the friends sold the venture, Warren Buffett used the proceeds to buy stocks and to start another small business. By age 26, he’d amassed $174,000 — or $1.4 million in today’s money. Even a small sum can turn into great wealth.
2. Be Willing To Be Different: Don’t base your decisions upon what everyone is saying or doing. When Warren Buffett began managing money in 1956 with $100,000 cobbled together from a handful of investors, he was dubbed an oddball. He worked in Omaha, not Wall Street, and he refused to tell his parents where he was putting their money. People predicted that he’d fail, but when he closed his partnership 14 years later, it was worth more than $100 million. Instead of following the crowd, he looked for undervalued investments and ended up vastly beating the market average every single year. To Warren Buffett, the average is just that — what everybody else is doing. to be above average, you need to measure yourself by what he calls the Inner Scorecard, judging yourself by your own standards and not the world’s.
3. Never Suck Your Thumb: Gather in advance any information you need to make a decision, and ask a friend or relative to make sure that you stick to a deadline. Warren Buffett prides himself on swiftly making up his mind and acting on it. He calls any unnecessary sitting and thinking “thumb sucking.” When people offer him a business or an investment, he says, “I won’t talk unless they bring me a price.” He gives them an answer on the spot.
4. Spell Out The Deal Before You Start: Your bargaining leverage is always greatest before you begin a job — that’s when you have something to offer that the other party wants. Warren Buffett learned this lesson the hard way as a kid, when his grandfather Ernest hired him and a friend to dig out the family grocery store after a blizzard. The boys spent five hours shoveling until they could barely straighten their frozen hands. Afterward, his grandfather gave the pair less than 90 cents to split. Warren Buffett was horrified that he performed such backbreaking work only to earn pennies an hour. Always nail down the specifics of a deal in advance — even with your friends and relatives.
5. Watch Small Expenses: Warren Buffett invests in businesses run by managers who obsess over the tiniest costs. He one acquired a company whose owner counted the sheets in rolls of 500-sheet toilet paper to see if he was being cheated (he was). He also admired a friend who painted only on the side of his office building that faced the road. Exercising vigilance over every expense can make your profits — and your paycheck — go much further.
6. Limit What You Borrow: Living on credit cards and loans won’t make you rich. Warren Buffett has never borrowed a significant amount — not to invest, not for a mortgage. He has gotten many heart-rendering letters from people who thought their borrowing was manageable but became overwhelmed by debt. His advice: Negotiate with creditors to pay what you can. Then, when you’re debt-free, work on saving some money that you can use to invest.
7. Be Persistent: With tenacity and ingenuity, you can win against a more established competitor. Warren Buffett acquired the Nebraska Furniture Mart in 1983 because he liked the way its founder, Rose Blumkin, did business. A Russian immigrant, she built the mart from a pawnshop into the largest furniture store in North America. Her strategy was to undersell the big shots, and she was a merciless negotiator. To Warren Buffett, Rose embodied the unwavering courage that makes a winner out of an underdog.
8. Know When To Quit: Once, when Warren Buffett was a teen, he went to the racetrack. He bet on a race and lost. To recoup his funds, he bet on another race. He lost again, leaving him with close to nothing. He felt sick — he had squandered nearly a week’s earnings. Warren Buffett never repeated that mistake. Know when to walk away from a loss, and don’t let anxiety fool you into trying again.
9. Assess The Risk: In 1995, the employer of Warren Buffett’s son, Howie, was accused by the FBI of price-fixing. Warren Buffett advised Howie to imagine the worst-and-bast-case scenarios if he stayed with the company. His son quickly realized that the risks of staying far outweighed any potential gains, and he quit the next day. Asking yourself “and then what?” can help you see all of the possible consequences when you’re struggling to make a decision — and can guide you to the smartest choice.
10. Know What Success Really Means: Despite his wealth, Warren Buffett does not measure success by dollars. In 2006, he pledged to give away almost his entire fortune to charities, primarily the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. He’s adamant about not funding monuments to himself — no Warren Buffett buildings or halls. “I know people who have a lot of money,” he says, “and they get testimonial dinners and hospital wings named after them. But the truth is that nobody in the world loves them. When you get to my age, you’ll measure your success in life by how many of the people you want to have love you actually do love you. That’s the ultimate test of how you’ve lived your life.”
1. Reinvest Your Profits: When you first make money, you may be tempted to spend it. Don’t. Instead, reinvest the profits. Warren Buffett learned this early on. In high school, he and a pal bought a pinball machine to pun in a barbershop. With the money they earned, they bought more machines until they had eight in different shops. When the friends sold the venture, Warren Buffett used the proceeds to buy stocks and to start another small business. By age 26, he’d amassed $174,000 — or $1.4 million in today’s money. Even a small sum can turn into great wealth.
2. Be Willing To Be Different: Don’t base your decisions upon what everyone is saying or doing. When Warren Buffett began managing money in 1956 with $100,000 cobbled together from a handful of investors, he was dubbed an oddball. He worked in Omaha, not Wall Street, and he refused to tell his parents where he was putting their money. People predicted that he’d fail, but when he closed his partnership 14 years later, it was worth more than $100 million. Instead of following the crowd, he looked for undervalued investments and ended up vastly beating the market average every single year. To Warren Buffett, the average is just that — what everybody else is doing. to be above average, you need to measure yourself by what he calls the Inner Scorecard, judging yourself by your own standards and not the world’s.
3. Never Suck Your Thumb: Gather in advance any information you need to make a decision, and ask a friend or relative to make sure that you stick to a deadline. Warren Buffett prides himself on swiftly making up his mind and acting on it. He calls any unnecessary sitting and thinking “thumb sucking.” When people offer him a business or an investment, he says, “I won’t talk unless they bring me a price.” He gives them an answer on the spot.
4. Spell Out The Deal Before You Start: Your bargaining leverage is always greatest before you begin a job — that’s when you have something to offer that the other party wants. Warren Buffett learned this lesson the hard way as a kid, when his grandfather Ernest hired him and a friend to dig out the family grocery store after a blizzard. The boys spent five hours shoveling until they could barely straighten their frozen hands. Afterward, his grandfather gave the pair less than 90 cents to split. Warren Buffett was horrified that he performed such backbreaking work only to earn pennies an hour. Always nail down the specifics of a deal in advance — even with your friends and relatives.
5. Watch Small Expenses: Warren Buffett invests in businesses run by managers who obsess over the tiniest costs. He one acquired a company whose owner counted the sheets in rolls of 500-sheet toilet paper to see if he was being cheated (he was). He also admired a friend who painted only on the side of his office building that faced the road. Exercising vigilance over every expense can make your profits — and your paycheck — go much further.
6. Limit What You Borrow: Living on credit cards and loans won’t make you rich. Warren Buffett has never borrowed a significant amount — not to invest, not for a mortgage. He has gotten many heart-rendering letters from people who thought their borrowing was manageable but became overwhelmed by debt. His advice: Negotiate with creditors to pay what you can. Then, when you’re debt-free, work on saving some money that you can use to invest.
7. Be Persistent: With tenacity and ingenuity, you can win against a more established competitor. Warren Buffett acquired the Nebraska Furniture Mart in 1983 because he liked the way its founder, Rose Blumkin, did business. A Russian immigrant, she built the mart from a pawnshop into the largest furniture store in North America. Her strategy was to undersell the big shots, and she was a merciless negotiator. To Warren Buffett, Rose embodied the unwavering courage that makes a winner out of an underdog.
8. Know When To Quit: Once, when Warren Buffett was a teen, he went to the racetrack. He bet on a race and lost. To recoup his funds, he bet on another race. He lost again, leaving him with close to nothing. He felt sick — he had squandered nearly a week’s earnings. Warren Buffett never repeated that mistake. Know when to walk away from a loss, and don’t let anxiety fool you into trying again.
9. Assess The Risk: In 1995, the employer of Warren Buffett’s son, Howie, was accused by the FBI of price-fixing. Warren Buffett advised Howie to imagine the worst-and-bast-case scenarios if he stayed with the company. His son quickly realized that the risks of staying far outweighed any potential gains, and he quit the next day. Asking yourself “and then what?” can help you see all of the possible consequences when you’re struggling to make a decision — and can guide you to the smartest choice.
10. Know What Success Really Means: Despite his wealth, Warren Buffett does not measure success by dollars. In 2006, he pledged to give away almost his entire fortune to charities, primarily the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. He’s adamant about not funding monuments to himself — no Warren Buffett buildings or halls. “I know people who have a lot of money,” he says, “and they get testimonial dinners and hospital wings named after them. But the truth is that nobody in the world loves them. When you get to my age, you’ll measure your success in life by how many of the people you want to have love you actually do love you. That’s the ultimate test of how you’ve lived your life.”
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